Attraction Analysis of Nematodes to the Host

Nematode movements can be influenced by the host roots. Attraction can be expected to occur in the immediate vicinity of the roots at distances of around 1-2 cm. Longer distance attraction in certain reports was attributed to the use of semipermeable membranes that tended to diminish nematode movements which were then interpreted as nematode attraction to the host. It is concluded that attraction by roots is due to chemical factors, especially CO₂ and certain amino acids. Still, little is known about either the specific olfactory cues that trigger these behaviors or the underlying neural circuits.

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The attraction of Nematodes by CO₂

• Plant nematode species often display highly specialized host-seeking behaviors that reflect their specific host preferences. Many such behaviors are triggered by host odors. CO₂ is emitted by all animals as a byproduct of respiration and is a host cue for a wide range of parasites and disease vectors, including many parasitic nematodes.

Fig.1 Attraction of nematodes by CO₂.

• Lifeasible provides analysis services for the attraction of nematode by CO₂ to the host, including CO₂ attraction across species, CO₂ attraction, and CO₂-evoked jumping. Specifically, we use a chemotaxis assay in which nematodes are allowed to distribute on a plate in a CO₂ concentration gradient. We also develop a jumping assay to assay CO₂-evoked jumping.

The attraction of Nematodes by Sensory Neurons

• To gain insight into the neural circuitry underlying host seeking, we leverage that neural anatomy and function are highly conserved across nematode species and life stages. In addition, neurons are required for CO₂ attraction in both free-living and parasitic nematodes and contribute to chemotaxis and jumping.
• We help analyze the attraction of nematodes by sensory neurons, such as BAG neurons, that can mediate attractive and repulsive responses. We also provide analysis services for ASH sensory neurons, which play a conserved role in mediating repulsion to chemical and mechanical stimuli in free-living and parasitic nematodes. Besides, we help our clients analyze the attraction effects of ADL neurons that play a conserved role in mediating chemical avoidance.

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